Issue time:2019-01-05 17:20:43 source:派勒地垫 views:2093

　　introduction

　　The chemical name of nylon 66 is polyhexamethylene adipamide (PA66 for short in industry). It is a translucent or opaque milky white resin, with the structural formula of [- NH (CH2) 6NHCO (CH2) 4CO -] n. The 66 in the name represents the number of carbon atoms of acid and amine in the unit chain, respectively. On February 28, 1935, Carlos first synthesized nylon 66 in the laboratory. On October 27, 1938, DuPont officially announced the birth of the world's first synthetic fiber, which was named nylon. On October 24, 1939, DuPont officially began to sell its nylon product nylon stockings at its headquarters. From the outbreak of the Second World War to 1945, the nylon industry turned to manufacturing military products such as parachutes, aircraft tire cords, military uniforms, etc. At present, the application of nylon 66 has been expanded to many fields such as auto parts, power and electronic devices, machinery industry, precision instruments, etc.

　　In industry, nylon 66 is generally produced by condensation polymerization of adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine. Typical nylon 66 production process flow diagram.

　　1. Development Status of Nylon 66 in the World

　　Nylon 66 was industrialized in 1939 and widely used in the field of chemical fiber and engineering plastics. Especially in the past 10 years, the world's nylon consumption has increased at an annual rate of 7.5%. In 2012, the global nylon 66 polymer output was 2.16 million tons. Due to the high technology and investment threshold, the market is oligopoly and the industry concentration is high.

　　The production technology and scale of nylon 66 are mainly concentrated in the United States, Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Japan, Taiwan and other developed countries and regions, and the main producers are Invista, DuPont, Solutia, Rhodia, BASF, Randich, Asahi, etc. Among them, Invista, which has the largest production scale, accounts for about 40% of the global nylon 66 polymer production capacity, while the top five companies in the production capacity account for more than 80% of the global market share, and the top three companies in the industry - Invista, Rodia and Solutio occupy a global monopoly position. At present, the advanced production technology of adiponitrile, one of the main raw materials, is controlled by Invista, Rhodia and other companies. In particular, Invista almost monopolizes the global trade of adiponitrile. However, the production capacity in Asia, which is currently the fastest growing region in the world, is seriously insufficient. In particular, China has become a net importer of adiponitrile, hexamethylene diamine and chips. Production capacity distribution of major nylon 66 products in the world.

　　In terms of the whole industry, as a mature industry, the demand growth of nylon 66 is basically consistent with the global economic growth. See Table 2 for the statistics and forecast of the annual growth of global nylon 66 products and related intermediate products from 2012 to 2022. It is estimated that the annual growth rate of global nylon 66 production capacity will be 3.4% by 2022.

　　2. Development status of nylon 66 in China

　　The research and development of PA66 in China began in the 1950s, when thirty or forty units carried out small-scale and medium-sized tests and researches on PA66. Only Shanghai Tianyuan Chemical Plant finally realized industrialization, and built a thousand ton PA66 production plant with phenol as raw material. In 1975, Liaoyang Petrochemical Fiber Company introduced the technology and devices of French Rhone Poulenc Company. Its 45000 t/a PA66 salt package was completed and put into operation in 1982. Later, 50000 t/a PA66 salt was expanded, with a total output of 100000 t/a, becoming the largest PA66 salt production plant in China. In 1997, China Shenma Group introduced the technology of Japan Asahi Kasei Company to build a 65000 t/a PA66 salt production plant, which is the most complete PA66 salt production plant in the world (see Figure 1 dotted line box). The main raw materials of the project are adiponitrile and benzene, and adiponitrile generates hexamethylene diamine through hydrogenation catalysis and refining; Benzene is partially hydrogenated to cyclohexene, and then converted to cyclohexanol through hydration catalysis. Cyclohexanol is oxidized to adipic acid by nitric acid, and adipic amine reacts with adipic acid to form nylon 66 salt. Adiponitrile, as the main raw material, can only be purchased from several large foreign companies, so they can control the production of nylon 66 worldwide by adjusting the supply of adiponitrile.

　　In 1998, the industrial policy released by the state included nylon 66 and its products, engineering plastics and plastic alloys in the key development directory. The market of nylon 66 showed a good momentum of rapid development. With the development of chemical fiber, machinery, electronics, instruments and meters in China, nylon 66 will be applied to a wider field, especially the rapid development of engineering plastics in China, which provides a good space for the development of nylon 66. At present, the production capacity distribution of nylon 66 and its intermediates in China.

　　3. Current development trend of global nylon 66 industry

　　After decades of development, the nylon industry in western developed countries has become relatively mature in scale and technology. At present, the European and American markets are dominated by engineering plastics, film, carpet filament and other high value-added products. While focusing on high value-added products, developed countries have gradually stripped off the application and production of textile filament and industrial filament with weak profits and turned to developing countries. In terms of industrial filament, due to the underdeveloped road system in Asia, truck tires need the support of nylon cord fabric, and the global procurement strategy of the world's major tire companies, Japan, the United States and other developed countries have transferred tire production abroad. In addition, the profit of textile filament and industrial filament is relatively weak, so some developed countries gradually transfer the application and production of textile filament and industrial filament to developing countries such as China and India.

　　On October 8, 2008, the official website of Rodia announced that its nylon 66 polymerization plant in Ceriano, Italy, would be permanently closed, with an annual production capacity of 45000 tons.

　　In March 2009, Invista permanently closed its adipic acid nylon 66 plant in Wilton, UK, where the nylon 66 chip capacity was 180000 tons/year, accounting for 6.61% of the global total capacity; Adipic acid production capacity is 270000 tons/year, accounting for 8.48% of the global total production capacity. In addition, INVITA closed its Merent plant in Canada, Orange County plant in Texas and adipic acid plant in Singapore. On June 1, 2009, SK's investment partner company successfully acquired Suno's integrated nylon business. The acquisition included 435000 tons/year of nylon 66 polymerization capacity, accounting for 16% of the global total capacity; Adipic acid production capacity is 350000 tons/year, accounting for 11% of the global total production capacity.

　　On February 1, 2013, Invista was approved to build a large-scale raw material factory in Shanghai. It said that the new project might eventually include an annual production of 200000 tons of hexamethylene diamine, 300000 tons of adiponitrile, and 100000 to 150000 tons of nylon 66 chips. It is estimated that hexamethylene diamine will be put into production in 2015.

　　It can be seen from the actions of the above leading international PA66 manufacturers in recent years that there has been a trend that the West leads the high-end market and the production of low-end products is shifting to the East. As the nylon industry in developing countries has also made considerable progress, some large companies in the world are building factories in Asia, and the production area of nylon is shifting to Asia.

　　According to the prediction of Maack Group in Switzerland and Radici Group in Italy, the global demand for polyamide will increase by 2.5% every year, and will soon exceed the annual demand of 4 million tons. The growth of demand mainly comes from China, Russia, India and Brazil. Especially in China, the production of nylon is growing rapidly, and the demand is also growing rapidly. From 2000 to 2003, China's demand for nylon increased by 15.5% annually. From 2003 to 2010, China's demand for nylon increased from 794000 tons to 1250000 tons. At present, the average annual consumption of polyamide in these four countries is less than 400g, while the average annual consumption of polyamide in the United States has reached 1kg. Therefore, the demand for polyamide in developing countries still has much room for growth.

　　From the current distribution of the production capacity of the global nylon 66 industry and the investment direction of major companies, China and Asia, with rapid economic growth, are becoming the main regions for the future growth of the nylon 66 industry, and China is becoming the key regions for major multinational companies to invest in nylon 66. While carrying the restructuring or transfer of international nylon giants to seek new development, and the domestic industry needs to improve the industrial chain, China's nylon 66 industry should also pay attention to the unlimited business opportunities.

　　4. Suggestions on the development of domestic nylon 66 industry

　　The supply of adiponitrile, the main raw material of domestic PA66 industry, is the bottleneck to limit its capacity expansion and pursue scale efficiency. In terms of product market, there is the extrusion of foreign high-end products on the market, and low end products such as nylon 6 and other low-cost alternatives continue to occupy. In order to break out of such a situation, PA66 products must solve the problems of product innovation, capacity expansion and cost reduction.

　　Through comparison and analysis, the author has the following humble opinions on the development of domestic nylon 66 industry:

　　① In view of the relatively low level of technical equipment in the domestic PA66 industry, unreasonable product structure, low level of operation and management and labor productivity, low industrial concentration, unbalanced regional development and other problems, under the guidance of national macro policies, private capital should be introduced to participate in market competition, conduct structure and product integration, build an industrial aircraft carrier, achieve scale benefits, and further reduce costs. Utilize the existing complete industrial chain and corresponding foundation from nylon modification, auxiliary agents, plastic machine molds, processing and application, etc., to maximize the recovery of the domestic market occupied by alternative products such as nylon 6 without sacrificing the price, and strive to occupy or expand the market of PA66 products in other developing countries.

　　② At present, state-owned enterprises are still the leading enterprises in the domestic PA66 industry. In terms of high-end product market and product innovation, the mechanism is not flexible enough, and investment in research and development is insufficient. They should have the courage to compete with foreign PA66 monopoly enterprises. Based on the existing production equipment of the enterprise, increase the investment in scientific research and innovation, carry out joint development and technical breakthrough with domestic colleges and universities and scientific research institutes, strive to master some new technologies and high-performance products with independent intellectual property rights, break the technological monopoly of foreign enterprises, and occupy a place in the international PA66 high-end product market.

　　③ The source of adiponitrile technology, which affects the expansion of hexamethylene diamine production capacity and the digestion of adipic acid production capacity, is the bottleneck of the development of the current domestic nylon industry chain. Through the supply of adiponitrile, foreign monopoly enterprises can almost easily control the entire nylon industry chain in China. Only by breaking through this technical problem of raw materials and getting rid of dependence on foreign raw materials and technologies can China's nylon industry develop rapidly and healthily. China has joined the WTO for several years. With the continuous improvement of China's comprehensive national strength, we should carefully study and judge the trade rules of the WTO, flexibly apply them, and require developed countries to gradually eliminate technological monopoly and trade barriers. At the same time, take advantage of the opportunity of the transfer of world nylon producing areas to Asia, especially China, to realize technology transfer and re innovation. Try to build adiponitrile production plant independently or jointly, and open the bottleneck of domestic PA66 industry development.

　　④ In recent years, due to the oversupply of the domestic market and the weak demand of downstream industries, the downward pressure on the price of nylon 66 products is great, while the energy price is in the rising channel, so the pressure on the cost rise is difficult to transfer to the downstream. With the gradual recovery of the world economy and the new economic policies of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, domestic SMEs have ushered in new opportunities for development, and the downstream industries of PA66 will also flourish. The author believes that the market surplus of domestic PA66 related products will be digested in a short time from half a year to one year. However, the production enterprises of nylon 66 products should also constantly develop new modified and improved products, expand the application fields, and constantly expand and cultivate new application markets, so that enterprises can embark on the road of healthy development.

Tag： Nylon and PP floor mats